DocBook Install mini-HOWTO
Robert B Easter
reaster@reaster.com
| Revision History | ||
|---|---|---|
| Revision v1.8 | 2002-02-04 | Revised by: rbe |
DocBook-Install-mini-HOWTO is a detailed practical guide for novices to quickly getting DocBook installed and processing SGML files into HTML, PS, and PDF files on a GNU/Linux system - other systems may be similar. Since setup of DocBook requires files from several separately distributed packages, it can be confusing for beginners.
- Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Information About this Document
- 1.2. What is DocBook
- 1.3. Brief Overview
- 2. Download the Packages
- 2.1. OpenJade
- 2.2. DocBook SGML DTD
- 2.3. ISO8879 ENTITY SGML
- 2.4. DocBook DSSSL
- 2.5. SGMLtools-Lite
- 2.6. HTMLdoc
- 2.7. DocBook2X
- 3. Install the Packages
- 3.1. Before You Install
- 3.2. Install OpenJade
- 3.3. DocBook SGML DTD
- 3.4. DocBook DSSSL
- 3.5. SGMLtools-Lite
- 3.6. htmldoc
- 3.7. DocBook2X and SGMLS.pm (sgmlspl)
- 3.8. $SGML_CATALOG_FILES
- 4. Using DocBook
- 4.1. Generating HTML
- 4.2. Generating rtf and tex
- 4.3. Generating dvi and ps
- 4.4. Generating pdf
- 4.5. Using make
- 4.6. Generating a man page
- A. Legal
- A.1. Copyright and Licenses
- A.2. Disclaimer
- B. GNU Free Documentation License
1. Introduction
1.1. Information About this Document
The lastest version of this mini-HOWTO can be found at:
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/DocBook-Install/
See the "Legal" section in the appendix for copyright, licenses, and disclaimer information pertaining to this document.
1.2. What is DocBook
DocBook is a Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Document Type Definition (DTD) that defines a set of textual document markup tags that work much like the familiar HTML language used on the web.
DocBook is intended for the authoring of books and articles. As such, it provides tags specifically designed to describe books and articles. For instance, the <book> and <article> DocBook tags are used to create books and articles. Within these documents, the <chapter>, <sect1>, and <para> tags are used. DocBook SGML files are stored in text files with a sgml or gml suffix.
When processed, a single DocBook SGML file can output html, pdf, ps, txt and other formats for both online and printed publication. The processing is governed by stylesheets that can automatically generate a table of contents, page numbering, chapter & section numbering, and other features.
DocBook is also designed for authoring unix man pages by writing <refentry> documents. If you don't know what a man page is, try the command man man on your terminal.
1.3. Brief Overview
Here are brief descriptions of the packages we will work with in the next sections:
OpenJade. OpenJade is an implementation of the ISO/IEC 10179:1996 international standard Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL). OpenJade executes the DSSSL language to process SGML and XML input files. In particular, it uses the Modular DocBook Stylesheets dsl code to process DocBook SGML/XML files into other formats such as html, tex, rtf, txt and others. OpenJade is the essential engine for converting a DocBook file into other formats. The TeX output format is used mostly as an intermediate format to obtain dvi, pdf, and ps via TeX macros and dvi converters.
DocBook SGML DTD. The DocBook Document Type Definition (DTD) files are SGML files that define the DocBook language. It defines the valid tag set and rules of their use. OpenJade requires access to the DTD files for every document type that it parses.
ISO8879 ENTITY SGML. Entities define how to represent special characters that have either no keyboard key or have special meaning in SGML. Examples familiar from HTML include "&"='&', ">"='>', and "<"='<'.
DocBook DSSSL (Modular DocBook Stylesheets). The DSSSL files (dsl suffix) for a particular DTD, in this case DocBook, specify how to convert DocBook into html, rtf, tex etc. A dsl file is input to openjade along with your DocBook sgml file and tells openjade how to transform/style your document into another file format. The dsl for online (html) formats is often different than for print (dvi, pdf, ps) formats.
SGMLtools-Lite. SGMLtools-Lite is a frontend wrapper for running openjade and the TeX macros jadetex and pdfjadetex, macros included with OpenJade. Converting a DocBook file to ps or pdf is a two or three-step process. OpenJade outputs a tex file which is the input of jadetex to produce a dvi file, and pdfjadetex to produce a pdf. A ps file is obtained by passing the dvi file through dvips. The sgmltools script provides a single command to perform these tasks.
HTMLdoc. HTMLdoc is a free program for converting html files into a pdf or ps file.
SGMLSpm and docbook2X. Together, these two are used to generate man pages. SGMLSpm is a perl5 module library for processing parsed output from onsgmls, a program included with OpenJade. SGMLSpm includes an application called sgmlspl to use the SGMLSpm library. Sgmlspl requires "spec files", which are available from various other sources on the Internet, for each type of document transformation to be performed. DocBook2X is a package that provides the spec files for transforming DocBook files into man pages.
2. Download the Packages
In this section, we will locate and download the software on the Internet.
2.1. OpenJade
OpenJade is an actively maintained open-source software project based on the Jade package by James Clark. Download the lastest stable release at:
http://openjade.sourceforge.net/
OpenJade also includes the OpenSP package and the TeX macros, jadetex and pdfjadetex for converting files to dvi and pdf. The following programs are provided by this package:
openjade
onsgmls
osgmlnorm
ospam
ospent
osx
To use jadetex and pdfjadetex for making dvi, ps, and pdf, you must have a working TeX (tex) installation. If you do not have TeX, check with your Linux distribution for a binary package that can be downloaded and installed. Otherwise, you can download the teTeX distribution of TeX from:
2.2. DocBook SGML DTD
The DocBook DTD for SGML and XML are maintained by a technical committee at Oasis-Open.ORG. Download the current version (and any old versions you might need) of DocBook SGML at:
2.3. ISO8879 ENTITY SGML
The entities define representations for special or untypeable symbols or characters, including mathematical symbols, and the entities that you may be familiar with from HTML. These entity files need to be installed for a proper configuration.
Resources at OASIS:
ISOEnts.zip can simply be unzipped into the directory where the DocBook DTD is unzipped without requiring anything else but the files in isoENT-tar.gz are also needed. Again, the files in isoENT-tar.gz are to be unzipped into the DocBook DTD directory (see next section on installing for details), but the filenames end with ".ent" suffix. These will need to be renamed to a ".gml" ending. You can do this manually, or you can download and use the file below, made by this author, which contains the files of both ISOEnts.zip and isoENT-tar.gz:
2.4. DocBook DSSSL
Norman Walsh's Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) files for the DocBook DTD (SGML/XML) are maintained at the DocBook Open Repository at SourceForge. These files, also known as the Modular DocBook Stylesheets, tell openjade what to do when converting your DocBook SGML file into other formats. A dsl file specifies things such as the mappings from one DTD's tags to another DTD's tags and other programmatic conversions, programmed in the DSSSL language. The DSSSL language is decomposed into a group of different languages, but running through it all is the Core Expression Language which is based on Scheme.
The DocBook DSSSL package and documentation can be downloaded from the DocBook DSSSL Stylesheets Project
The Linux Documentation Project has a stylesheet customization file that turns on some nice style features. It can be downloaded at:
2.5. SGMLtools-Lite
SGMLtools-Lite is a frontend for openjade, jadetex, pdfjadex, dvips, and other programs. It provides a single command for generating all the formats possible with these tools. The lastest release can be downloaded at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/sgmltools-lite/
This package is optional, but does make things easier sometimes.
2.6. HTMLdoc
HTMLdoc is a free program for converting websites into Portable Document Format (pdf) or PostScript (ps). For pdf, it creates a tree of bookmarks that make navigation easy. Both htmldoc and pdfjadetex output pdf files, but in slightly different formats. Try both and see which turns out best for a particular docbook file. See quick links below for download site.
You can download the lastest version of HTMLdoc from Easy Software Products' ftp site.
2.7. DocBook2X
DocBook2X requires perl5 and the SGMLS.pm perl module, available at the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN). SGMLS.pm provides libraries and a program called sgmlspl which translates DocBook files into other formats by using specification files. The specification files are perl files that provide the logic for the translation to a particular format.
3. Install the Packages
3.1. Before You Install
The following sections suggest how you might install the downloaded packages to setup your DocBook SGML environment. The examples may make reference to old versions of the packages but you should adapt the examples and use the most recent versions instead.
For the most up-to-date, authoritative information, always read the documentation that comes with a package you are installing. Often, you will find a README and a INSTALL file after you unpack an archive.
The detailed instructions below may not work exactly as shown since packages are changing all the time. However, the instructions should still give you a general idea of the procedure to get DocBook SGML working.
3.2. Install OpenJade
3.2.1. openjade
Here is what to do, but remember to read the files that come with OpenJade to see if there are any things you want to do special for your platform:
cd /usr/local tar -xvzf ~/openjade-1.3.tar.gz cd openjade-1.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openjade-1.3 make make install # Once installed, the objects etc. can be deleted. make clean |
You might be wondering why I dump the openjade source directly into /usr/local. The author experienced some issues with openjade's installation. However, with newer releases of OpenJade, you might try a standard (/usr/local/src) location for the openjade source package with some other prefix install location, and see how it goes.
3.2.2. jadetex & pdfjadetex
As mentioned, jadetex and pdfjadetex are TeX macros that are packaged with OpenJade. They can be found in /usr/local/openjade-3.1/dsssl. A handy guide to installing these macros was prepared by Frank Atanassow Christoph and can be found at:
ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/macros/jadetex/install.pdf
http://reaster.com/installjadetex.pdf
The following is based on the instructions in install.pdf:
3.2.2.1. Create hugelatex (if needed)
The jadetex and pdfjadetex tex macros require more memory than a regular run of tex. The default tex memory limit configuration is often too limited. The tex configuration file, texmf.cnf, can be edited and variables which limit tex's memory use can be increased. But rather than just editing the texmf.cnf file to allow tex in all instances to have more memory, a custom tex context can be created, called hugelatex. If hugelatex is already configured on your system, you can skip this subsection (which hugelatex).
Verify that a working TeX is installed and find its directory:
bash$ which tex /usr/share/texmf/bin/tex bash$ kpsewhich -expand-var='$TEXMFMAIN' /usr/share/texmf bash$ |
Using which should find the location of the tex program. If its not found, then you might need to install teTeX then return here. kpsewhich is a utility that comes with teTeX and finds the main tex directory if all goes well.
Now that the texmf directory is known, installation can begin:
cd /usr/share/texmf cd tex/latex cp -r config config-temp cd config-temp tex -ini -progname=hugelatex latex.ini mv latex.fmt hugelatex.fmt mv hugelatex.fmt /usr/share/texmf/web2c cd .. rm -r config-temp cd /usr/share/texmf/bin ln -s tex hugelatex cd /usr/share/texmf/web2c |
% hugelatex settings extra_mem_top.hugelatex = 8000000 extra_mem_bot.hugelatex = 8000000 hash_extra.hugelatex = 15000 pool_size.hugelatex = 5000000 string_vacancies.hugelatex = 45000 max_strings.hugelatex = 55000 pool_free.hugelatex = 47500 nest_size.hugelatex = 500 param_size.hugelatex = 1500 save_size.hugelatex = 5000 stack_size.hugelatex = 15000 % jadetex extra_mem_top.jadetex = 8000000 extra_mem_bot.jadetex = 8000000 hash_extra.jadetex = 20000 pool_size.jadetex = 5000000 string_vacancies.jadetex = 45000 max_strings.jadetex = 55000 pool_free.jadetex = 47500 nest_size.jadetex = 500 param_size.jadetex = 1500 save_size.jadetex = 5000 stack_size.jadetex = 15000 % pdfjadetex extra_mem_top.pdfjadetex = 8000000 extra_mem_bot.pdfjadetex = 8000000 hash_extra.pdfjadetex = 20000 pool_size.pdfjadetex = 5000000 string_vacancies.pdfjadetex = 45000 max_strings.pdfjadetex = 55000 pool_free.pdfjadetex = 47500 nest_size.pdfjadetex = 500 param_size.pdfjadetex = 1500 save_size.pdfjadetex = 5000 stack_size.pdfjadetex = 15000 |
After setting up hugelatex, like above, it may not work until the texhash program is called:
root# texhash texhash: Updating /usr/share/texmf/ls-R... texhash: Updating /var/cache/fonts/ls-R... texhash: Done. root# |
3.2.2.2. jadetex & pdfjadetex
Setting up jadetex and pdfjadetex is similar to hugelatex.
cd /usr/local/openjade-1.3/dsssl make -f Makefile.jadetex install # make creates and installs the .fmt # files to /usr/share/texmf/web2c # Now create symlinks ... cd /usr/share/texmf/bin ln -s tex jadetex ln -s pdftex pdfjadetex # Finally, run texhash. root# texhash |
The jadetex command takes a tex file generated from openjade, and outputs a dvi file. pdfjadetex takes a tex file generated from openjade, and outputs a pdf. The dvips program takes the dvi file and outputs a PostScript ps file that you can send to your printer or view with ghostscript gs.
3.3. DocBook SGML DTD
3.3.1. Unpack the DocBook SGML DTD
The DocBook DTD is just some sgml text files, so there is nothing to compile. Just unzip them somewhere:
# DocBook DTD V4.1 in # /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/4.1 cd /usr/local/share mkdir sgml; cd sgml mkdir docbook; cd docbook mkdir 4.1; cd 4.1 unzip -a ~/docbk41.zip |
There are some differences between the different versions of the DocBook DTD. The xxissues.txt files document those issues. Tags have been added, removed, and renamed between the versions.
If you need to use DocBook DTD V3.1, it is available from the same place where V4.1 is downloaded. V3.1 is used a lot, so its a good idea to get it and install it in a 3.1/ subdirectory.
3.3.2. Unpack the ISO8879 Entities
For each DocBook DTD version unpacked, go into its directory and unpack the iso8879-entities.tar.gz file:
cd /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/4.1 tar -xvzf ~/iso8879-entities.tar.gz |
# If needed ... cd /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/4.1 ln -s docbook.cat catalog |
3.4. DocBook DSSSL
Installation of the DocBook DSSSL, which works for all versions of DocBook, is just a matter of unzipping it somwhere.
cd /usr/local/share/sgml mkdir dsssl; cd dsssl unzip -a ~/db160.zip # If you downloaded the ldp.dsl stylesheet # customization, copy it to ... cd docbook cp ~/ldp.dsl html cp ~/ldp.dsl print # Copy into both directories. |
3.5. SGMLtools-Lite
If you like it, you can install the SGMLtools-Lite, but it is optional. Its installation is the standard:
cd /usr/src tar -xvzf ~/sgmltools-lite-3.0.2.tar.gz cd sgmltools-lite-3.0.2 ./configure make install |
One tweak that has to be done to make the sgmltools script work, is you have to edit it and set the path to openjade: vi `which sgmltools`. Consult its docs to learn more about it.
3.6. htmldoc
3.6.1. binary
Preferrably you downloaded a binary distribution of htmldoc for your platform. The installation is straightforward: just unpack it and run the setup. Read the docs in the package for more info.
3.6.2. source
If you downloaded the source, you will also need the Fast Light Tool Kit or else it will not link:
Installation is autoconf style. Just run the configure script, make, make install. If all goes well, it will install in /usr/bin.
3.6.3. ldp_print
The htmldoc program has (or had) a few glitches when generating output from html files from openjade. For instance, bullet items are not rendered properly and shaded areas are not always shaded.
To fix this problem, a perl script (ldp_print) is available from LinuxDoc.org. The lpd_print script processes a nochunks html file from openjade and then runs htmldoc on it to produce correctly rendered pdf and ps.
 | Get it! |
tar -xvzf ldp_print.tar.gz cd ldp_print # Copy the lib somewhere where perl looks. cp fix_print_html.lib /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl cp ldp_print /usr/local/bin |
3.7. DocBook2X and SGMLS.pm (sgmlspl)
3.7.1. sgmlspl
Before the spec files from DocBook2X are of any use, the SGMLS.pm module for perl version 5 has to be installed, assuming that perl version 5 is installed. The installation of this module is not as automated as most perl module installs. It uses a Makefile that has to be edited first before running make.
cd /usr/src
tar -xvzf ~/SGMLSpm-1.03ii.tar.gz
cd SGMLSpm
# Edit Makfile
vi Makefile
# In the user options of the Makefile
# set everything correct for
# your system.
# Example:
# PERL = /usr/bin/perl
# BINDIR = /usr/local/bin
# PERL5DIR = /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl
# MODULEDIR = ${PERL5DIR}/SGMLS
# SPECDIR = ${PERL5DIR}
# HTMLDIR= /usr/local/apache/htdocs
make install
|
3.7.2. docbook2X (docbook2man-spec.pl)
DocBook2X contains no program to compile or install, though it has some scripts you might want to look at, so all there is to do is unpack it somwhere.
cd /usr/local/share/sgml tar -xvzf ~/docbook2X-0.6.0.tar.gz cd docbook2X |
patch docbook2man-spec.pl docbook2man-spec.pl.patch |
3.8. $SGML_CATALOG_FILES
The $SGML_CATALOG_FILES environment variable is used by openjade (and other SGML software) to locate DTDs and DSL (stylesheets). SGML software cannot function without finding these files, which have been unpacked to various directories. Given the setup as done so far, here is how $SGML_CATALOG_FILES can be set in /etc/profile:
########################################################################################## # SGML DocBook - openjade sgmltools-lite JADE_HOME=/usr/local/openjade-1.3 SGML_SHARE=/usr/local/share/sgml PATH=$PATH:$JADE_HOME/bin # DSSSL stylesheets # Norman Walsh's Modular DocBook Stylesheets SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/catalog # OpenJade stylesheets SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$JADE_HOME/dsssl/catalog # sgmltools-lite's stylesheets SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/stylesheets/sgmltools/sgmltools.cat # DocBook DTD # From OASIS-Open.org SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/3.1/catalog SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/4.1/catalog # These old ones were installed with doctools-1.2 from XFree86.org SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/2.4.1/catalog SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/3.0/catalog # sgmltools-lite catalogs for LinuxDoc SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/dtd/sgmltools/catalog export JADE_HOME SGML_SHARE PATH SGML_CATALOG_FILES ########################################################################################## |
Installation is complete! In the next section, we'll test the installation and convert some test DocBook files.
4. Using DocBook
Now that everything is installed, it's time to test it out and see how to use openjade and the other tools.
Figure 1. Example DocBook SGML file - test.sgml
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN"> <article lang="en"> <articleinfo> <title>This is a Test</title> <author> <firstname>John</firstname> <surname>Doe</surname> <othername role="mi">L</othername> <affiliation> <address> <email>j.doe@jdoe dot com</email> </address> </affiliation> </author> <revhistory> <revision> <revnumber>v1.0</revnumber> <date>2000-12-30</date> <authorinitials>jld</authorinitials> </revision> </revhistory> <abstract> <para> This is a test DocBook document. </para> </abstract> </articleinfo> <sect1 id="test1"> <title>Test 1</title> <para> Test section 1. </para> <sect2> <title>Test 1.1</title> <para> Test section 1.1 </para> </sect2> <sect2> <title>Test 1.2</title> <para> <screen> -- Test section 1.2 openjade -t sgml -d $DSLFILE test.sgml </screen> </para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="test2"> <title>Test 2</title> <para> Test section 2. </para> <sect2> <title>Test 2.1</title> <para> Test section 2.1 </para> </sect2> <sect2> <title>Test 2.2</title> <para> Test section 2.2 </para> </sect2> </sect1> </article> |
DocBook: The Definitive Guide. http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/
4.1. Generating HTML
4.1.1. docbook.dsl
Figure 2. Generating HTML output using docbook.dsl
bash$ ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1077 Dec 31 16:25 test.sgml bash$ echo $SGML_SHARE /usr/local/share/sgml bash$ openjade -t sgml -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/docbook.dsl test.sgml [snip - DTDDECL catalog entries are not supported, repeats] bash$ ls -l total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1885 Dec 31 17:34 t1.htm -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1077 Dec 31 16:25 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1544 Dec 31 17:34 x27.htm bash$ |
Two htm files are generated, one for each <sect1>. The filenames are not very descriptive. Section one appears on the same page as the article information. These are the results of using the default stylesheet that comes with the Modular DocBook Stylesheets, docbook.dsl.
Stylesheets can be customized to improve on these defaults. If you downloaded the Linux Documentation Project's ldp.dsl file and installed it as shown in Section 3.3, then you already have a customized style available.
4.1.2. ldp.dsl
Figure 3. Generating HTML output using ldp.dsl
bash$ openjade -t sgml -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl#html test.sgml bash$ ls -l total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 2006 Dec 31 18:00 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1077 Dec 31 16:25 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1677 Dec 31 18:00 test1.html -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1598 Dec 31 18:00 test2.html bash$ |
Using ldp.dsl, the output looks better:
An index file has been created that contains the article information.
A table of contents has been automatically generated.
Each <sect1> is in its own file.
Filenames are derived from ID attributes of the <sect1> elements.
The file extension has changed to html.
The <screen> elements are shaded.
Note how the ldp.dsl file is written in the command line: it has "#html" appended. ldp.dsl contains two <STYLE-SPECIFICATION> elements, one with ID="html" and another with ID="print". This selects the html style from within ldp.dsl. The DocBook DSSSL contains support for converting DocBook files into html and print formats. In Section 3.3, we copied ldp.dsl into both the print and html directories. When generating html output, the html style should be selected like above. When generating other types of files, such as rtf and tex, they fall under the print style and so the print style should be selected from ldp.dsl. The alternative is to comment out or delete the print or html style in the copy of ldp.dsl in the respective directory. If a dsl file has more than one style-spec in it and none is selected like in the example above, then the first style encountered in the file is selected. For ldp.dsl, the print style-spec is first in the file, so it gets selected by default. So in the example above, without appending "#html" when specifying ldp.dsl as the dsssl stylesheet, the "print" style-spec would be selected and used when generating the html output. It will work, but is intended for when selecting the print/ldp.dsl and the formatting will be different.
To learn more about how the stylesheet customization files are made, read the documentation for the Modular DocBook Stylesheets. Customization mainly involves setting boolean option parameters to toggle style features on and off. Completely new style logic can be programmed using the the DSSSL language.
The openjade option "-t output_type" specifies the output type. The "-d dsssl_spec" option is the path to the dsssl stylesheet to use. In the example above, the output type specified is sgml, which is for SGML to SGML transformations. HTML, defined by the HTML Document Type Definition (DTD), is an SGML document type just as DocBook is, so "sgml" is the correct output_type option. The other two output types commonly used are "rtf" and "tex". The tex output_type will be used later as an intermediate format for the generation of pdf and ps formats. The dsssl_spec must specify a dsl file, not a directory.
4.2. Generating rtf and tex
bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ openjade -t rtf -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/print/ldp.dsl#print test.sgml bash$ openjade -t tex -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/print/ldp.dsl#print test.sgml bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex |
4.3. Generating dvi and ps
Figure 4. Running jadetex to generate a Device Independent (dvi) file.
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ jadetex test.tex This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1) (test.tex JadeTeX 1999/06/29: 2.7 (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1ptm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/isoents.tex) Elements will be labelled Jade begin document sequence at 19 No file test.aux. (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/cyrillic/ot2cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/lucidabr/lmrhlcm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/nameref.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd) LaTeX Warning: Reference `TEST1' on page 1 undefined on input line 238. LaTeX Warning: Reference `20' on page 1 undefined on input line 262. LaTeX Warning: Reference `23' on page 1 undefined on input line 285. LaTeX Warning: Reference `TEST2' on page 1 undefined on input line 316. LaTeX Warning: Reference `30' on page 1 undefined on input line 340. LaTeX Warning: Reference `33' on page 1 undefined on input line 363. [1.0.46] (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1pcr.fd) [2.0.46] [3.0.46] (test.aux) LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. ) Output written on test.dvi (3 pages, 34984 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. bash$ ls -l total 80 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 771 Dec 31 20:55 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34984 Dec 31 20:55 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 5072 Dec 31 20:55 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ jadetex test.tex This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1) (test.tex JadeTeX 1999/06/29: 2.7 (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1ptm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/isoents.tex) Elements will be labelled Jade begin document sequence at 19 (test.aux) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/cyrillic/ot2cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/lucidabr/lmrhlcm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/nameref.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd) [1.0.46] (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1pcr.fd) [2.0.46] [3.0.46] (test.aux) ) Output written on test.dvi (3 pages, 34148 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/reaster bash$ ls -l total 80 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ |
The first time jadetex is run, warnings are printed. They can be ignored. Running it a second time, they do not appear again.
Figure 5. Running dvips to generate a PostScript (ps) file.
bash$ ls -l total 80 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ dvips test.dvi This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) ' TeX output 2000.12.31:2058' -> test.ps <texc.pro><8r.enc><texps.pro><special.pro><color.pro>. [1] [2] [3] bash$ ls -l total 116 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34817 Dec 31 21:06 test.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ |
Figure 6. Running htmldoc to generate a PostScript (ps) file.
bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ export DSL_HTML=$SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl\#html bash$ openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $DSL_HTML test.sgml | htmldoc -f test-htmldoc.ps - bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 9050 Jan 1 00:44 test-htmldoc.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ |
4.4. Generating pdf
Figure 7. Running pdfjadetex to generate a Portable Document Format (pdf) file.
bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34817 Dec 31 21:06 test.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ pdfjadetex test.tex This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159-13d (Web2C 7.3.1) (test.tex[/usr/share/texmf/pdftex/config/pdftex.cfg] JadeTeX 1999/06/29: 2.7 (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1ptm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/isoents.tex) Elements will be labelled Jade begin document sequence at 19 (test.aux) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/cyrillic/ot2cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/lucidabr/lmrhlcm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/context/base/supp-pdf.tex (/usr/share/texmf/tex/context/base/supp-mis.tex loading : Context Support Macros / Missing ) loading : Context Support Macros / PDF ) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/nameref.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd) [1.0.46[/usr/share/texmf/dvips/con fig/pdftex.map]] (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1pcr.fd) [2.0.46] [3.0.46] (test.aux) )<8r.enc> Output written on test.pdf (3 pages, 9912 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. bash$ ls -l total 128 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 21:13 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 5075 Dec 31 21:13 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 9912 Dec 31 21:13 test.pdf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34817 Dec 31 21:06 test.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ bash$ pdfjadetex test.tex [snip] bash$ pdfjadetex test.tex [snip] |
Figure 8. Running htmldoc to generate a Portable Document Format (pdf) file.
bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ export DSL_HTML=$SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl\#html bash$ openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $DSL_HTML test.sgml > test-htmldoc.htm bash$ ldp_print test-htmldoc.htm bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 9050 Jan 1 01:17 test-htmldoc.pdf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ |
4.5. Using make
Repeating the commands to generate the output files is tedious. The make command works perfectly to automate the process.
Figure 9. Filename: Makefile - automates document generation.
# Generates online and print versions of SGML source file.
BASENAME=DocBook-Install
# SGML source file.
SGML_FILE=$(BASENAME).sgml
# Stylesheets
DSL_PRINT=$(SGML_SHARE)/dsssl/docbook/print/ldp.dsl\#print
DSL_HTML=$(SGML_SHARE)/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl\#html
# Generated files.
HTML_FILE=index.html
HTM_FILE=$(BASENAME).htm
TEX_FILE=$(BASENAME).tex
RTF_FILE=$(BASENAME).rtf
PDF_FILE=$(BASENAME).pdf
DVI_FILE=$(BASENAME).dvi
PS_FILE=$(BASENAME).ps
# Build rules.
html: $(HTML_FILE)
htm: $(HTM_FILE)
tex: $(TEX_FILE)
rtf: $(RTF_FILE)
pdf: $(PDF_FILE)
dvi: $(DVI_FILE)
ps: $(PS_FILE)
all: html htm tex rtf pdf dvi ps
clean:
rm -f $(BASENAME).{htm,log,aux,ps,pdf,tex,dvi,rtf,fot}
rm -f *.html
distclean: clean
rm -f $(BASENAME).tgz
package:
rm -f $(BASENAME).tgz
tar -C .. -czf /tmp/$(BASENAME).tgz $(BASENAME)
mv /tmp/$(BASENAME).tgz .
dist: clean package
distall: all package
# Compile rules.
$(HTML_FILE): $(SGML_FILE)
openjade -t sgml -d $(DSL_HTML) $(SGML_FILE)
$(HTM_FILE): $(SGML_FILE)
openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $(DSL_HTML) \
$(SGML_FILE) > $(HTM_FILE)
$(TEX_FILE): $(SGML_FILE)
openjade -t tex -d $(DSL_PRINT) $(SGML_FILE)
$(RTF_FILE): $(SGML_FILE)
openjade -t rtf -d $(DSL_PRINT) $(SGML_FILE)
# [pdf]jadetex is run 3 times to resolve references.
#$(PDF_FILE): $(TEX_FILE)
# pdfjadetex $(TEX_FILE)
# pdfjadetex $(TEX_FILE)
# pdfjadetex $(TEX_FILE)
# This *should* work, but htmldoc has bugs ...
#$(PDF_FILE): $(SGML_FILE)
# openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $(DSL_HTML) \
# $(SGML_FILE) | htmldoc -f $(PDF_FILE) -
# Have to use ldp_print to work around htmldoc bugs
# ldp_print can also do the ps file - see script
$(PDF_FILE): $(HTM_FILE)
ldp_print $(HTM_FILE)
$(DVI_FILE): $(TEX_FILE)
jadetex $(TEX_FILE)
jadetex $(TEX_FILE)
jadetex $(TEX_FILE)
$(PS_FILE): $(DVI_FILE)
dvips $(DVI_FILE)
#$(PS_FILE): $(SGML_FILE)
# openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $(DSL_HTML) \
# $(SGML_FILE) | htmldoc -f $(PS_FILE) -
|
Usage is just like for most projects:
Figure 10. Invoking make to run Makefile
-- generate html (default) make -- generate just pdf make pdf -- generate all files make all -- delete all generated files make clean -- create tgz distribution -- with no generated files make dist -- create tgz distribution -- containing all generated files make distall |
Notice the commented compile rules for pdf and ps which provide alternative means of generating those files.
4.6. Generating a man page
During the section on installing everything, we installed the perl version 5 module SGMLS.pm. Then we installed Docbook2X which provides the spec.pl files for transforming DocBook <refentry> documents into nroff (man page) format with sgmlspl.
An example Docbook <refentry> document, for the foo command, is given below.
Figure 11. foo command man page, docbook <refentry> source (foo-ref.sgml)
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN"> <refentry> <refentryinfo> <date>2001-01-01</date> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle> <application>foo</application> </refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> <refmiscinfo>foo 1.0</refmiscinfo> </refmeta> <refnamediv> <refname> <application>foo</application> </refname> <refpurpose> Does nothing useful. </refpurpose> </refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv> <refsynopsisdivinfo> <date>2001-01-01</date> </refsynopsisdivinfo> <cmdsynopsis> <command>foo</command> <arg><option>-f </option><replaceable class="parameter">bar</replaceable></arg> <arg><option>-d<replaceable class="parameter">n</replaceable></option></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> <refsect1> <refsect1info> <date>2001-01-01</date> </refsect1info> <title>DESCRIPTION</title> <para> <command>foo</command> does nothing useful. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>OPTIONS</title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">bar</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para> Takes <filename>bar</filename> as it's run control file. If this were a real program, there might be more to say here about what bar is and how it will be used. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>-d<replaceable class="parameter">n</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para> Do something, where integer <replaceable class="parameter">n</replaceable> specifies how many times. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable class="parameter">file...</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para> Processes the files in the order listed, sending all output to stdout. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>USAGE</title> <para> <command>foo</command> -f foo.conf -d2 foodata.foo </para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>CAVEATS</title> <para> Other programs named <command>foo</command> may exist and actually do something! </para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>BUGS</title> <para> None. Program does nothing. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>AUTHOR</title> <para> <author> <firstname>Foo</firstname> <othername role="mi">E</othername> <surname>Bar</surname> <contrib>Original author</contrib> </author> </para> </refsect1> </refentry> |
Figure 12. Generating a man page with onsgmls, sgmlspl, and docbook2man-spec.pl
bash$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 2434 Jan 3 03:51 foo-ref.sgml
bash$ onsgmls foo-ref.sgml | sgmlspl $SGML_SHARE/docbook2X/docbook2man-spec.pl
bash$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 2434 Jan 3 03:51 foo-ref.sgml
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1129 Jan 3 04:03 foo.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 0 Jan 3 04:03 manpage.links
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 0 Jan 3 04:03 manpage.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 15 Jan 3 04:03 manpage.refs
bash$ groff -mandoc -Tascii foo.1
FOO(1) FOO(1)
NAME
foo - Does nothing useful.
SYNOPSIS
foo [ -f bar ] [ -dn ] [ file... ]
DESCRIPTION
foo does nothing useful.
OPTIONS
-f bar Takes bar as its run control file. If this were a
real program, there might be more to say here about
what bar is and how it will be used.
-dn Do something, where integer n specifies how many
times.
file...
Processes the files in the order listed, sending
all output to stdout.
USAGE
foo -f foo.conf -d2 foodata.foo
CAVEATS
Other programs named foo may exist and actually do some-
thing!
BUGS
None. Program does nothing.
AUTHOR
Foo E Bar (Original author)
[snip - several extra blank lines that man would not show]
foo 1.0 2001-01-01 1
bash$ groff -mandoc -Tascii foo.1 | less
bash$ less foo.1
|
The man page, foo.1, is generated as a Section 1 page. The groff command is used to give a quick look at its formatted appearance.
To install this man page, it belongs in any man/man1 directory, where the directory man/ is added to $MANPATH in the environment. The standard location is /usr/local/man/man1. The standard sections in the man pages system are 1 though 9. Each is for holding specific catagories of documentation.
Table 1. Manual Pages Sections
| Section | Purpose |
|---|---|
| man1 | User programs |
| man2 | System calls |
| man3 | Library functions and subroutines |
| man4 | Devices |
| man5 | File formats |
| man6 | Games |
| man7 | Miscellaneous |
| man8 | System administration |
| man9 | Kernel internal variables and functions |
| The source file for a man page, like foo-ref.sgml, can be processed into all the other formats just like any other DocBook file. So using the same commands discussed earlier to generate html and print output types, a man page can be made into html and rtf, tex, pdf, dvi, and ps. This can really save a lot of conversion work! |
Have fun !
A. Legal
A.1. Copyright and Licenses
Copyright (c) 2001, 2002 Robert B. Easter
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
A.2. Disclaimer
No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the concepts, examples and other content at your own risk.
All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
B. GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.